Mixed model vs GEE
Both mixed (panel, longitudinal, multilevel, hierarchical linear) model and GEE:
Account for clusters or levels
No misspecification of the model: no unmeasured confounders, no outliers
No misspecification of the model: no unmeasured confounders, no outliers
Mixed model: conditional model, assumes MAR
Rx for multiple comparison
lme4, merlin, nlme
Stata: mixed, gllamm
Stata: mixed, gllamm
Fixed effects
Assumptions of residuals: normality, homoscedasticity, linearity, additivity, no misspecification, MAR, no me, no uc, icc is correct
Random effects
Robustness: fe is unbiased and ci is correct even if nonnormal/heteroscedastic/missingness, but ci is not correct if icc is not correct.
ML: for large samples or LR comparisons among nested models, biased for re
REML: for small samples, biased for fe.
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