Mixed model vs GEE

 Both mixed (panel, longitudinal, multilevel, hierarchical linear) model and GEE:

Account for clusters or levels
No misspecification of the model: no unmeasured confounders, no outliers

Mixed model: conditional model, assumes MAR
GEE with robust se: population average, marginal model, unbiased with misspecified icc if large sample of units, assumes MCAR

Rx for multiple comparison

lme4, merlin, nlme
Stata: mixed, gllamm

Fixed effects
Assumptions of residuals: normality,  homoscedasticity, linearity, additivity, no misspecification, MAR, no me, no uc, icc is correct

Random effects
Robustness: fe is unbiased and ci is correct even if nonnormal/heteroscedastic/missingness, but ci is not correct if icc is not correct.

ML: for large samples or LR comparisons among nested models, biased for re

REML: for small samples, biased for fe.

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